sort_heap

     Algorithm

Converts a heap into a sorted collection.

Contents

• Synopsis
• Description
• Complexity
• Example
• Warning
• See Also

#include <algorithm>

template <class RandomAccessIterator>
  void
  sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first,
            RandomAccessIterator last);
template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
  void
  sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first,
            RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);

A heap is a particular organization of elements in a range between two random access iterators [a, b). Its two key properties are:

1. *a is the largest element in the range.

2. *a may be removed by pop_heap(), or a new element added by push_heap(), in O(logN) time.

These properties make heaps useful as priority queues.

The sort_heap algorithm converts a heap into a sorted collection over the range [first, last) using either the default operator (<) or the comparison function supplied with the algorithm. Note that sort_heap is not stable, i.e., the elements may not be in the same relative order after sort_heap is applied.

sort_heap performs at most NlogN comparisons where N is equal to last - first.

//
// heap_ops.cpp
//
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
 #include <iostream.h>
 int main(void)
 {
   int d1[4] = {1,2,3,4};
   int d2[4] = {1,3,2,4};   
   // Set up two vectors
   vector<int> v1(d1,d1 + 4), v2(d2,d2 + 4);
   // Make heaps
   make_heap(v1.begin(),v1.end());
   make_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end(),less<int>());
   // v1 = (4,x,y,z)  and  v2 = (4,x,y,z)
   // Note that x, y and z represent the remaining
   // values in the container (other than 4). 
   // The definition of the heap and heap operations 
   // does not require any particular ordering
   // of these values.
   // Copy both vectors to cout
   ostream_iterator<int> out(cout," ");
   copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   // Now let's pop
   pop_heap(v1.begin(),v1.end());
   pop_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end(),less<int>());
   // v1 = (3,x,y,4) and v2 = (3,x,y,4)
   // Copy both vectors to cout
   copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   
   // And push
   push_heap(v1.begin(),v1.end());
   push_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end(),less<int>());
   // v1 = (4,x,y,z) and v2 = (4,x,y,z)
   // Copy both vectors to cout
   copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   // Now sort those heaps
   sort_heap(v1.begin(),v1.end());
   sort_heap(v2.begin(),v2.end(),less<int>());
   // v1 = v2 = (1,2,3,4)
      
   // Copy both vectors to cout
   copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   copy(v2.begin(),v2.end(),out);
   cout << endl;
   return 0;
 }
Output :
4 2 3 1
4 3 2 1
3 2 1 4
3 1 2 4
4 3 1 2
4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4

If your compiler does not support default template parameters, then you need to always supply the Allocator template argument. For instance, you will need to write :

vector<int, allocator>

instead of :

vector<int>

make_heap, pop_heap, push_heap